Cu/HMOR催化二甲醚羰基化合成乙酸甲酯: 催化剂制备方法的影响 (cited: 2)

采用氨蒸发法、尿素水解法、离子交换法及浸渍法制备HMOR负载的Cu催化剂, 考察其催化二甲醚(DME)羰基化合成乙酸甲酯(MA)性能. 结果表明离子交换法制得Cu/HMOR催化剂在Cu的金属中心和酸性分子筛载体的共同作用下具有较好催化反应活性. 在210 oC、1.5 MPa、空速4883 h^-1,DME转化率为95.3%,MA选择性为94.9%. 对催化剂进行N2物理吸附、X射线衍射、NH₃程序升温脱附和CO程序升温脱附等表征发现,离子交换法制得Cu/HMOR催化剂具有较高比表面、大量弱酸及一定中强酸、适中的CO吸附强度,提高了CO插入DME羰基化反应活性.     

Synthesis of Methyl Acetate by Dimethyl Ether Carbonylation over Cu/HMOR: Effect of Catalyst Preparation Method (cited: 2)

Dimethyl ether carbonylation to methyl acetate was comparatively investigated over mor-denite supported copper (Cu/HMOR) catalysts prepared by different methods including evaporation, urea hydrolysis, incipient wetness impregnation and ion-exchange. The resultsshowed that Cu/HMOR prepared via iron-exchange method exhibited the highest catalytic activity due to the synergistic effect of active-site metal and acidic molecular sieve support. Conversion of 95.3% and methyl acetate selectivity of 94.9% were achieved under conditions of 210 oC, 1.5 MPa, and GSHV of 4883 h^-1. The catalysts were characterized by nitrogen absorption, X-ray diffraction, NH₃ temperature program desorption, and CO temperature program desorption techniques. It was found that Cu/HMOR prepared by ion-exchange method possessed high surface area, moderate strong acid centers, and CO adsorption cen-ters, which improved catalytic performance for the reaction of CO insertion to dimethyl ether.     

煅烧温度对Cu/HMOR催化剂结构及其催化二甲醚羰基化反应性能影响

采用离子交换法在不同煅烧温度下制备HMOR负载Cu(Cu/HMOR)催化剂,用于催化二甲醚(DME)羰基化合成乙酸甲酯(MA)反应. 活性测试结果表明430 oC煅烧制得Cu/HMOR具有较好催化活性,在210 oC、1.5 MPa、空速4883 h^-1下DME转化率为97.2%,MA选择性为97.9%. 对催化剂进行X射线衍射、N₂物理吸附、NH₃程序升温脱附、CO程序升温脱附及拉曼方法表征. 催化剂经一定的煅烧温度有利于Cu离子迁移及扩散和硝酸铜完全分解,从而使HMOR载体具有较多的酸性活性位、大比表面、适宜的微孔结构以及更多的CO吸附位.     

A theoretical study of amines adsorption in HMOR by using ONIOM2 method

The two-layered ONIOM method is used to study the interaction of amines (NH₃, MeNH₂, Me₂NH and Me₃N) with H-type mordenite (HMOR). For all the calculations, the high-layer is described by the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) method, while the HF/3-21G method is used for the low-layer. In the adsorption complexes, proton transfer from the HMOR framework to amines is observed, and the protonated amines (R₃NH⁺) are stabilized by hydrogen bonding between the negatively charged zeolite framework and the N---H bonds. The strength of the OH---N hydrogen bonding is reflected by differences in the N---H stretching frequency of R₃NH⁺ between the adsorbed state and the gas phase. The relative order of the amine basicity on the basis of the computed adsorption energies agrees well with the experiments, but differs from those in the gas phase (proton affinity) and in solvents (pK_a).     

HMOR分子筛骨架铝分布研究及二甲醚羰基化反应活性中心的辨识※

HMOR分子筛在二甲醚羰基化反应中具有类似酶催化的优异性能. 关于骨架铝的分布和反应活性位的识别是研究该反应机理的关键科学问题. 早期的工作是基于理论计算研究二甲醚羰基化活性位点, 但缺乏直接的谱学证据. 通过在不同温度下焙烧NH₄MOR制备了一系列HMOR催化剂, 通过多种谱学表征手段研究分子筛骨架铝的稳定性以及铝原子落位信息, 进一步通过二甲醚羰基化反应活性关联MOR分子筛的酸性和铝分布关系获得反应机理的谱学证据. 首先从XRD (X-Ray diffraction)和SEM (Scanning electron microscope)发现经过不同温度焙烧, MOR分子筛结晶度和宏观形貌没有发生明显变化, 但是通过一维²⁹Si, ²⁷Al和¹H魔角旋转固体核磁谱(MAS NMR)发现分子筛局部环境发生了脱铝现象, 产生了明显的缺陷羟基以及B酸量的下降. 焙烧温度对HMOR分子筛骨架Al稳定性的影响较大, 随着温度升高, 脱铝逐渐加剧. 定量¹H MAS NMR结合红外(IR)光谱提供了HMOR分子筛不同孔道B酸含量的分布. 进一步使用2D ²⁷Al MQ MAS NMR的方法以及结合切片分峰拟合技术区分出分子筛骨架中的四种不同T位点, 发现当温度低于600 ℃, 不同T位脱铝速率相当; 当焙烧温度为600 ℃时, T3位点的Al原子脱除速率加快. 最后研究了二甲醚羰基化反应性能与酸分布和铝分布的关系, 获得羰基化反应活性中心的确凿谱学证据, T3-O33位置的Al位是羰基化反应的活性中心.     

Effect of Calcination Temperature on Catalytic Activity and Textual Property of Cu/HMOR Catalysts in Dimethyl Ether Carbonylation Reaction

The effect of calcination temperature on the catalytic activity for the dimethyl ether (DME) carbonylation into methyl acetate (MA) was investigated over mordenite supported copper (Cu/HMOR) prepared by ion-exchange process. The results showed that the catalytic activ-ity was obviously affected by the calcination temperature. The maximal DME conversion of 97.2% and the MA selectivity of 97.9% were obtained over the Cu/HMOR calcined at 430 oC under conditions of 210 oC, 1.5 MPa, and GSHV of 4883 h^-1. The obtained Cu/HMOR catalysts were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, N₂ absorption, NH₃ temperature program desorption, CO temperature program desorption, and Raman techniques. Proper calcination temperature was effective to promote copper ions migration and diffusion, and led the support HMOR to possess more acid activity sites, which exhibited the complete decomposing of copper nitrate, large surface area and optimum micropore structure, more amount of CO adsorption site and proper amount of weak acid centers.